A little History of Photography
The term camera obscura translates to "dark room" in Latin. The specific version in your drawing was a massive leap forward for artists. It uses a lens at the front to focus light, a mirror angled at 45 degrees inside the box to reflect that light upward, and a translucent screen (usually glass) on top. This allowed an artist to lay a piece of paper over the glass and trace the exact scene outside with perfect, lifelike perspective.
it evolved over thousands of years as different scholars and scientists built upon the mysteries of light and optics: Johann Zahn (1685): The exact design shown in your image—a portable, wooden box equipped with a reflex mirror to flip the image so it could be easily traced on a flat top surface—was first described and designed by Zahn.
This ingenious device is the direct ancestor of the cameras I used to capture the kids at Mt Si High School and the ones I taught your 3,000 students how to master!